In addition to having great harm to the endocrine system, vascular-related complications caused by diabetes can also lead to multi-system damage. More than that, the rising number of patients with diabetes has brought a huge economic burden on the medical and health care systems worldwide. The International Diabetes Federation estimates that the number of adults with diabetes in the world will rise to 643 million by 2030 and there will be more than 783 million adults living with diabetes in 2045 1. Keywords: diabetic nephropathy, DN, diagnosis, ceRNA, biomarkerĭiabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious problem affecting human health at present. Furthermore, PCR and Western blot demonstrated showed that DDX58, SAMD9L, and TLR6 were upregulated in DN patients at both transcriptome and protein levels compared to healthy controls.Ĭonclusion: We confirmed that differentially expressed hub genes may be novel diagnostic biomarkers in DN. Similarly, single-gene GSEA showed a strong association of these diagnostic biomarkers with the viral infection. Subsequently, LASSO regression analysis established a diagnostic model consisting of DDX58, SAMD9L, and TLR6 with a robust diagnostic potency (AUC = 1). Results: A total of 10 hub genes were screened from the ceRNA network, which appeared to be associated with the viral infection, kidney development, and regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Moreover, we verified the expression levels of diagnostic biomarkers by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. The pathways involved in hub genes were revealed by single-gene Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was responsible for screening the diagnostic biomarkers from hub genes and assessing their diagnostic power using ROC curves. Subsequently, the CytoHubba plugin was used to identify hub genes from DE-mRNAs in the ceRNA network and to perform functional enrichment analysis on them. Construction of a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network based on differentially expressed (DE)-mRNAs and -long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Methods: In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed on 6 clinical samples (3 from DN patients and 3 from healthy volunteers) from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University. We aimed to design a diagnostic model by bioinformatics methods for discriminating DN patients from normal subjects. Given the heterogeneity of renal lesions and the complex mechanisms of DN, the present-day diagnostic approach remains highly controversial.
#Progressive diagnostics driver#
We review the clinical and research experience of a cohort of PME patients evaluated at NIMHANS over the last two decades, especially the phenotypic, electrophysiologic, pathologic, and genetic aspects.Lei Lei, 1 Yihua Bai, 1 Yang Fan, 1 Yaling Li, 1 Hongying Jiang, 1 Jiaping Wang 2ġDepartment of Nephrology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China 2Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of ChinaĬorrespondence: Yihua Bai, Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China, Email īackground: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a primary driver of end-stage renal disease.
#Progressive diagnostics series#
However, there are a few case reports and small series about Lafora body disease, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses and MERRF from India. Most of the large studies related to PME are from south India from a single center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurological Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore. Recent advances in this area have clarified molecular genetic basis, biological basis, and natural history, and also provided a rational approach to the diagnosis. It encompasses different diagnostic entities and the common causes include Lafora body disease, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, Unverricht-Lundborg disease, myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fiber (MERRF) syndrome, sialidoses, dentato-rubro-pallidal atrophy, storage diseases, and some of the inborn errors of metabolism, among others.
Progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME) is a disease complex and is characterized by the development of relentlessly progressive myoclonus, cognitive impairment, ataxia, and other neurologic deficits.
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